with a rise in the number of Twelver Shi'as throughout Iran, especially in Mazandaran. It is not exactly known when Bāv dynasty they underwent religious conversion and became Twelver Shi’as; however, their shi'i leanings caused them to play an important role in increasing the cultural, political, military, and economic power of the Twelvers.

The present study is seeking to investigate their interactions with Saljuq monarchs, casting light on Bāvandiyya’s political, military and cultural power, and its relation to the development of Imami thought.

The Use of the Epithet “Amir al-Mu'menin” in Caliphate Salutation

Hamed Muntazeri Muqaddam

(Assistant professor in Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute)

The use of the epithet “Amir al-Mu'menin” in caliphate salutation, among its variegated usages, is a special usage dealt with in the present study. In this study, an analytical method has been used to answer the question of “how the caliphate salutation has been used and what its usage was”.

Throughout the history of Islam, salutation to caliphs with the formula “as-salām^u alayk^a yā amīr al-mu'menīn” was common. This salutation was actually a proclamation of caliphate, and changing it was an objection to caliphate.

these were the factors causing disturbances in social and political conditions of that region, being a major obstacle for the establishment of a power under caliphate there. These disturbances were sometimes so great that they would even endanger the existence of caliphate.

The Social History of Iranian and Iraqi Shi’as        
(in the second half of the 8^th century)[1]

Muhammad Anvar Fayyazi

(Student of Seminary and M.A. student in History of Shiism)

The social history of Shiism implies a new look at the historical precedent of Shias in which the situation of social relations as well as the elements of social life of Shias are discussed.

On the other hand, studying the social history of Shias on the basis of the principles and rules of social history – which concerns itself with the hidden layers of the society and leads to the discovery of the realities and secrets in the traditional history – seems necessary. In this way, some realities of the Shi'i life are restated, which have never been the focus of attention in traditional view of history. The present paper studies – in view of some elements and factors influencing the social history – the social history of shi'as and tries, through providing evidences, to show the readers what had been shi'as’ conditions as far as their livelihood, behaviors, customs, etc. are concerned

The Relations of Bāv Dynasty with Saljūqs and the Political Power of Imami shi'ism in the 5^th and the 6^th Centuries

Mustafa Mu’allimi

(Faculty Member Sari Azad University)

Bāvandīyya was an ancient dynasty in Mazandaran that ruled this region in three periods after the advent of Islam. The second period of their ruling (late 5^th century and the whole 6^th century) concided


well as the features of his method in utilizing the sources. This paper mentions some items from these early sources and their features as well as Sheikh Mufid’s historical accounts, especially in his two books entitled al-Irshad and al-Jumal and their comparison with similar accounts in other sources. Besides, some of Sheikh Mufid’s sources dedicated to oral and non-written accounts are

briefly reviewed.

The Shi'ism of Abdullah bin Abbas from the
Viewpoint of His Own Debates (1)

Majid Rubat Jazi

(Student of seminary and M.A. student of Shia History)

Although a long time has passed since the advent of Islam, we still Witness disagreements among Islamic sects. These disagreements – mostly between Shia and Sunni – should be traced back to the period after the Prophet’s death. According to Shi'i doctrine, some Companions did not follow the Holy Prophet’s will regarding Imam Ali. flowever, some of the adherents of the Prophet’s Household' including Ibn Abbas' defended Imam Ali. The present paper is seeking to explain and analyze Ibn Abbass’ positions - in different times – against others to whom he would debate. The results of such debates show his shi'i belief in the Prophet’s Household in the first half of the 1st century. This paper is presented in two parts; the first part is presented in this issue, and the second part in the next issue.

The Political Conditions of Bost from the Advent of Islam to the End of Umavid Dynasty (2)

Muhammad Reza Alemi (M.A. in History of Civilizaton)

The Bost city in the east of Sisitan, conquered at the early years of Uthman’s caliphate, was a scene of struggles between caliphate and the local non-Muslim governments. Consequently, the Kharijites, rioters, and the groups opposing to the Umavid caliphate came to power. To explore the challenges facing the Umavid caliphate in that region necessitates – besides investigating the sources and analyzing various trends influential in this territory of the Islamic world – considering conditions such as its location in a geographically distant area, being a frontier region, and being a place where various political and religious groups and races lived;

 

Abstracts

Translated by: Seyyed Rahim Rastitabar

Lagality in the Prophet’s and Imam Ali’s Way of Life

Ali Amin Rostami (Stadent of Seminary and M.A. in the History of Islam)

Research into the Impeccable’s way of life is necessary to introduce them as role models of truth to the society. The way of life of these great persons can be studied from individual, social, political and cultural aspects. One of the focal points in the Impeccables’ way of life is their military conduct which is of different dimensions. One of its dimensions is legality and respect for law. In this paper, the Prophet’s and Imam Ali’s military conduct in regard with acting according to law has been studied. It refers, on one hand, to the nature of the relations and interactions of the combatants with people and states, and, on the other hand, to what should be done to the enemy in the battlefield, and to the war captives after the end of the war, and to the enemy during a truce.

Sheikh Mufid’s Sources in His Historical Accounts

Qasem Khanjani

(A member of History Department in the Academy of Seminary and University)

In this article, besides a note on the importance of the sources in history of Islam, we have dealt with Sheikh Mufid’s sources as

Vol.5, No. 3, Fall 2008 A.H.S

Proprietor: Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute

Licence Holder: Dr. Muhammad Reza Jabbari

Editor in Chief: Mahdi Pishvai

Executive Director: Majid RobatJazi

[1] . Here, it needs mentioning that the main framework and the key concepts of this discussion have been adopted from a course on social history of Shias by the great professor, Dr. Muhsen Elviri (Khandan), and the writer has composed this article in view of the concepts, data and his own readings of the course on the social history of Shias.