Abdullah bin Ja’far and the Karbala Uprising

Abdur-Reza Arab Abu Zaydabadi

Abdullah bin Ja’far bin Abi Talib was one of the prominent figures in the history of Islam and one of the close companions of the first Shi’i Imams. He had been with the Prophet and transmitted traditions from him. Abdullah enjoys a prominent position in the eyes of Shi’i and Sunni historians, and they have treated him with great respect. Many traditions have been transmitted by him and about him. Although he was one of Imam Hussein’s special and close companions and a prominent Hashemite figure, he was absent in the Karbala uprising. There are various views on his absence in that uprising, which have been studied in the present paper.

A Study of Sur-e Israfil Weekly

Amir Sabzi Pur* / Ali Ahmadi Khah**

One of the most influential journals of Qajar period and that of Constitutionalism was a weekly called Sur-e Israfil. This journal was first directed, prepared and published by Mirza Jahangir Khan Shirazi, financed by Mirza Qasim Khan Tapizi and written by Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Qazvini (well-known as Dehkhoda). Their extremisms and impertinence towards people and their beliefs made Mirza Jahangir Khan Shirazi out of favor and Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Qazvini (well-known as Dehkhoda) flew apoad. When Mirza Jahangir Khan was murdered, Ali Akbar Dehkhoda was burdened with all the responsibilities of the journal (publication of the last three issues); thanks to his efforts, it was published apoad. In the present paper, while studying this journal, we deal with a general introduction of those involved in its publication.

The Reasons for

Barmakids’ Fallin Historians’ View

Anwar Khalandi

Barmakids were one of the influential Iranian dynasties who succeeded to occupy positions in the Abbasid Caliphate , giving it a special magnificence and splendor. Yahya Barmakid and his sons, Fazl and Ja’far, were among the most famous members of this dynasty who gained much power under Harun al-Rashid. The great period of Harun’s rule was much beholden to the efforts of this dynasty. Shortly afterwards, however, they experienced disgrace and fell from power due to unfavorable circumstances . Here, we try to investigate different reasons for Barmakids’ fall from historians’ different viewpoints.

A Historical Look at the Themes and Styles of the Shi'ah Poetry in the Literature of Andalusia

Hussein Hatami* / Parvin Zamani** / Muhammad Reza Beigi*** / Puriya Ismaili****

Shi’ah poetry in Andalusian period reflects the historical, political, social, literary, religious, and other conditions of that age as well as people's love for the virtues of the Prophet’s Household, especially poets and men of letters. The themes and the structures used by some of the Shi’ah poets in this period are characterized by both imitation and innovation. As for imitation, the themes and styles of the committed Shi’ah poets in the East were used by them as their model; as for the innovation, they were influenced by the literary, religious, social and political condition of their time. The Shi’ah poetry is considered as one of the poetical goals of this poetry, but has never been able to achieve the poetical ability of poets of the East, and except for some scant cases, it has always been tinted with some imitation and adaptation.

A Study of

Abbasid Mutawakkil’s Religious Policies

Muhammad A’zam Porsandeh*

The period of Mutawakkil’s caliphate is considered a critical period in the history of Abbasid caliphate due to political and religious incidents occurring then. The religious policy of Mutawakkil’s caliphate was moving along the lines of protecting Sunnism, with traditionalists’ thoughts. He promulgated Sunnism as the sole established religion accepted by caliphate, and suppressed any views and beliefs opposing it. Discussions on religious affairs were forbidden; proselytizing Mutalizism was prevented; Shi’ahs were suppressed; stern orders were issued for scorning Dhemmis and they were dismissed from state posts. The present article seeks to investigate and review Abbasid Mutawakkil’s treatments of religious groups including Shi’ahs, Mu’tazilis, and Dhemmis.

The First Martyr of

Constitutional Revolution of Iran

Mahdi Behrad*

The exciting movement called Constitutional Revolution in Iran many years ago, though unable to exterminate the precarious foundation and the rotten tree of dictatorship, prepared the ground for Iranian people’s familiarity with manifestations of freedom and new forms of government and statesmanship.

The struggle of the mob and various classes of the society with advocates of dictatorial regime created new conditions in Iran. The people, who had seen nothing in their government and the rulers except oppression, tyranny and lawlessness for long years, found an opportunity to express their protests and objections on the status quo in the form of a social revolution.

The present paper is an effort to recognize the personality and role of the first martyr of the Constitutional Revolution, referred to as Sayyid Abd al-Hamid, the young seminary student.

Abstracts

Translated by: Seyyed Rahim Rastitabar

An Analysis

of Iran-Russia Tariff Contract in Qajar Period

Murteza Dehqan Nejad* / Mahdi Ahmadi Ekhtiyar**

Tariff contract between Iran and Russia in 1319/ 1901 was concluded as the result of Muzaffar al-Din Shah’s continuous taking out loans from Czar Russia; that is, Russians considered concluding a new tariff contract between two countries as one of the conditions for their paying Iran the second loan. The contract -- formulated in accordance with the imperious policies of economic colonialism of Russia – considerably yielded the economic destiny of Iran to Russia. The Russians’ goals, as in other economic concessions obtained by them during Qajar period, seem to have been political ones, for they could reinforce their colonial dominion over Iran through spoiling Iran’s economic independence, and thereby making this country dependant on Russia in all aspects.

Table of Contents

An Analysis of Iran-Russia Tariff Contract in Qajar Period 7

Murteza Dehqan Nejad / Mahdi Ahmadi Ekhtiyar

The First Martyr of Constitutional Revolution of Iran 27

Mahdi Behrad

A Study of Abbasid Mutawakkil’s Religious Policies 49

Muhammad A’zam Porsandeh

A Historical Look at the Themes and Styles of the Shi'ah Poetry in the Literature of Andalusia 71

Hussein Hatami / Parvin Zamani / Muhammad Reza Beigi / Puriya Ismaili

The Reasons for Barmakids’ Fallin Historians’ View 101

Anwar Khalandi

A Study of Sur-e Israfil Weekly 123

Amir Sabzi Pur / Ali Ahmadi Khah

Abdullah bin Ja’far and the Karbala Uprising 149

Abdur-Reza Arab Abu Zaydabadi

In the name of Allah

A Publication by Imam Khomeini Institute for Education and Research

Licence Holder: Dr. Muhammad Reza Jabbari

Editor in Chief: Mahdi Pishvai

Executive Director: Majid RobatJazi

Editorial Board:

- Mahmud Rajabi Associate professor Imām Khomeini Inst. for Education and Research

- Dr. Sadiq Ayinevand Professor, Instructor Training University

- Dr. Muhsen Alviri Assistant Professor, Imam Sadiq Universit

- Hujjat al-Islam Mahdi Pishvae Research Manager, History Department, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute

- Dr. Muhammad Reza Jabbari Assistant Professor, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute

- Hujjat al-Islam Ya'qub Ja'fari Professor & Researcher working on the Quranic Sciences and the history of Islam, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute

- Dr. Sayyed Asghar Mahmudabadi Associate Professor, Isfahan University

- Dr. Asghar Muntazir al-Qaem Associate Professor, Isfahan University

- Dr. Ali Muhammad Valavi Associate Professor, Al-Zahra University

- Hujjat al-Islam Muhammad Hadi Yusefi Gharavi Professor & Researcher working on the history of Islam and Shiism

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