Tarikh Islam

A complete and better introduction to the Caliphate period of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (PBUH) requires increasing our awareness of the currents of this time and their typology. In this period, for the first time in Islam, various religious currents appeared side by side, and the Islamic society became an arena for the confrontation of these intellectual and cultural currents. Stating the theoretical foundations, the hypothesis of this discussion is presented in this research, then the intellectual and cultural flow of "Qa'edin" (the Sedentary) is introduced and described carefully. The typology of the "Qa'edin" movement in this research is based on the method of "historical induction" and an attempt has been made to identify and express all aspects of this movement and its influence on the category of obedience to Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (PBUH). The main mission of this research is the study of the Qa'edin current based on the issues that arose in the society during the reign of Imam Ali (PBUH). Knowing the intellectual foundations, an attempt has been made to clarify the roots and consequences of the emergence of Qa'edin and their effects in this era. The findings show that the "Qa'edin" movement has its roots in the thoughts of people like Ibn Mas'oud and his students, and the readers (Qurra') also played a role in expanding Qa'edin thought and foundations. The Arab tribal system, wars and killings among Muslims were also very influential on the promotion of Qa'edin current, which resulted in the expansion of Qa'edin thinking and the promotion of disobedience in the Islamic society of this period.