Meccan trade

Examining the Role of the Skeptical Approach of Patricia Crone in Formulating Her Views in the Book Meccans Trade and the Rise of Islam

Sayyid Ahmad Reza Khezri / Professor of History and Islamic Civilization, University of Tehran

✍️ Maedeh Bayram / Examining the Role of the Skeptical Approach of Patricia Crone in Formulating Her Views in the Book Meccans Trade and the Rise of Islam

Pages: 43 - 60 Receive Date: 2025/12/12 Accept Date: 2025/12/12

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Based on the single article approved on 24/6/1387 by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, and according to letter No. 3776 dated 5/5/1393 of the Council for Granting Scientific Licenses and Degrees affiliated with the Supreme Council of Seminaries, this journal has been granted the rank of “Scientific–Research” starting from Issue 31.

Place of Publication: Iran, Qom	Publisher: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute
Field of Specialty: Historical Research	Journal Rating: Scientific–Research (B)
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Meccan trade

Examining the Role of the Skeptical Approach of Patricia Crone in Formulating Her Views in the Book Meccans Trade and the Rise of Islam