تاريخ اسلام در آينه پژوهش

The multiplicity of the Islamic states in Sham region was behind the weakness of Muslim forces at the onset of crusaders’ attack. This why they could not resist crusaders’ early attacks. This political dispersion was accompanied by a series of conflicts between Muslim states, and as a result, the small states declined and were totally defeated by their rivals over time. Afterwards, Atabakan Zangi dynasty was established in Mosul in 521 (‘AH’) and so the ground was prepared for restoring unity in the region and standing against crusaders. With the decrease in the number of Muslim states and political unity in the region, there was increase in the number of Muslims’ victories against crusaders. In fact, we can conclude that there is a significant relationship between the number of states in Sham region and Muslims’ victories against crusaders. That is, the more the number of these states, the less the number of Muslims victories, and conversely, the less their number, the more their victories. The present paper was conducted on the basis of cliometrics, in which statistical data are analyzed over a period, and the other factors influencing Muslims’ defeat or victory in their struggle against crusaders has not considered here.