تاريخ اسلام در آينه پژوهش

The Safavid period is one of Iran's civilizational periods, and the current identity and culture of Iran is a reminder of that civilizational age. This magnificent and powerful civilization was destroyed by a few Afghan soldiers who had primitive weapons. Can any thinker believe that the great Safavid civilization was destroyed easily and only by military power? Or are there other reasons that turned this civilization into a hollow drum? The main question of the current article is what caused the Safavid government to lose its authority and disintegrate with the slightest blow? The hypothesis of the article is that the expansion of the Akhbarist school and the fading of rational sciences in the field of Safavid era science caused the rationality and thinking and strengthening of thinking man to be removed from the society. It is natural that when the rational sciences are weakened and the scientific dominance is with transferable sciences and the approach of the school of Akhbarism, it causes significant science not to be produced and thinking and rationalism in the society are reduced and as a result, superstitious views spread in the society. Proving this hypothesis by referring to first-hand sources and reports of domestic and foreign writers from the Safavid period, the state of scientific centers and the management method during the peak and decline of the Safavid civilization were investigated. The findings of the research show that during the era when the Safavid dynasty was at its peak in terms of political power, architecture, art, urban planning, etc., the view of the government and the personalities who were in the power structure and the curriculum of schools and scientific centers were rational and philosophical views, and after this, the views and approaches in scientific centers and among political figures became weak and the Akhbari approach and irrational views and as a result, superstitions spread, the Safavid dynasty started to decline and finally, the Safavid government fell.